مطالعات راهبردی زنان

مطالعات راهبردی زنان

تدوین استراتژی‌ها و اقدامات سیاستی برای افزایش باروری و جوانی جمعیت ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه جمعیت شناسی، پژوهشکده حکمرانی جمعیت و خانواده، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران
2 پژوهشگر، گروه سیاست پژوهی، پژوهشکده حکمرانی جمعیت و خانواده، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، پژوهشکده حکمرانی جمعیت و خانواده، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
گذار شتابان جمعیتی ایران که با کاهش نرخ باروری، افزایش سن ازدواج و رشد جمعیت سالمندان همراه است، پیامدهای مهمی برای توسعه و آینده سرمایه انسانی کشور به همراه دارد. اگرچه سیاست‌های کلی جمعیت طی سال‌های اخیر ابلاغ شده‌اند، اما اجرای جزیره‌ای، ضعف هماهنگی بین‌بخشی و ناهماهنگی با بسترهای فرهنگی و اقتصادی جامعه، اثربخشی این سیاست‌ها را محدود کرده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی چارچوبی جامع، چندسطحی و مشارکتی برای افزایش باروری و پایداری جمعیت جوان ایران، با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه داده‌بنیاد (گرانددتئوری) انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق و گروه‌های کانونی با چهارده ذی‌نفع کلیدی شامل سیاست‌گذاران، متخصصان سلامت، جمعیت‌شناسان و کارشناسان فرهنگی گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با رویکرد گلیزری و طی مراحل کدگذاری باز، انتخابی و نظری انجام گرفت که به شناسایی مقوله‌ی محوری «هم‌افزایی استراتژیک در چارچوب حکمرانی مشارکتی و عدالت‌محور» انجامید. مدل مفهومی نهایی شامل شش حوزه‌ی راهبردی فرهنگی و اجتماعی،  نظام اداری و اقتصادی، سلامت و بهداشت،  رفاه اجتماعی،  آمایش سرزمین و مهاجرت و مدیریت جمعیت است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌های جمعیتی صرفاً از طریق مداخلات دستوری یا رویکردهای بخشی به نتیجه نخواهند رسید. کارآمدی در این حوزه مستلزم هم‌افزایی نظام‌مند میان روایت‌های فرهنگی، خدمات سلامت باروری، مالیات خانواده‌محور، اصلاحات اشتغال حساس به جنسیت و عدالت فضایی است. همچنین مشارکت فعال نهادهای میانی مانند مراکز مشاوره، سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد، شوراهای محلی و رسانه‌های عمومی در ترجمه اهداف جمعیتی به کنش‌های اجتماعی پایدار، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

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