The aim of the current research is to identify the causes, conditions and consequences of women's difficulties in scientific work. The approach of this research is qualitative and uses the grounded theory method. The participants of this research were 93 female faculty members of the University of Mazandaran reaching theoretical saturation with 12 members from different faculties and groups using the purposeful sampling method with semi-structured in-depth interviews. The data of this research was analyzed using MAXQDA Software in three levels of open coding, central coding and selective coding. Based on the findings, family and university role conflict, time limitation due to multiplicity of roles, restrictions related to leaving the country, psychological pressure due to working environment conditions for women, patriarchal organizational culture of university and less visibility of women, structural differences in wages and rights, inadequate support of university laws for women and gender stereotypes are among the causes and areas of difficulty for women in scientific work. Against these difficulties, women adopt different strategies such as time management, increasing their ability, showing themselves, ignoring the judgment of others, expressing their objection verbally or in writing, and being patient. The study has also shown the consequences of discrimination against women leading to celibacy or delay in marriage and childbearing, distance from the ideal family, scientific discouragement and lack of motivation, mental and physical exhaustion in scientific work, social isolation, reduction of innovation and scientific productivity.