The family allowance—or in contemporary terms, the child allowance—refers to financial aid provided by the government to parents for the upbringing and care of their children. However, a review of Iranian laws concerning child allowance reveals that, within the public sector salary and wage system, after the enactment of the Unified Payment System for Government Employees and the Civil Service Management Act, the concepts of family allowance and child allowance were separated. They are now considered distinct forms of financial aid, calculated based on salary coefficients and benefits, granted to married male employees, and in exceptional cases, to female employees who are heads of households. Due to contradictions in employment regulations, administrative directives, and prevailing judicial practices, the main research question here is: What is the fundamental rationale behind the family allowance, and why has it been distinguished from the child allowance? Additionally, what are the eligibility criteria for employed women to receive these benefits? This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach by examining legal provisions and judicial practices, concludes that the family allowance and child allowance in Iran's legal system have deviated from their original purpose. The existing laws, particularly Clause 4 of Article 68 of the Civil Service Management Act, should be revised to ensure that working women can benefit from these allowances, in line with policies promoting marriage and childbearing.